Religious Beliefs and Practices In A New Era Essay

Assess the view that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice. Current religious beliefs and practices are very different in Britain from 100 years ago. No longer do the masses attend the established church, attendance is down to 6% of the population and the 2001 Census identified 170 distinct religions in Britain. 72% claim to be Christian but less than half of the population believe in God and only 18% claim to be a practicing member of an organised religion. Clearly today’s patterns are very different from those of the past. How then to explain them? There are two fields of thought here. Secularists take the simple opinion: lack of attendance and reduction of belief means a lack of interest and a decline in interest and influence of religion. However, opponents of secularisation claim it is not as simple as that. Society itself has changed dramatically in recent years but that does not mean a decline in society, just a change. Religion, therefore, can not be expected to stagnate in a changing society but must also change with the times. Religion then must met the needs of a late modern or postmodern society which offer levels of diversity and choice which have not existed before and can not do this by behaving as it did in a modern or pre-industrial society. Grace Davie is a proponent of this point of view. For her, religion has simply become more privatised, that is: it is now a private matter of personal preference. This is more appropriate for a society which emphasises individualism and simply echoes what is happening in other institutions in society: the family, for example, is no longer a simple traditional nuclear family, other groupings are now widely accepted. People are then free to decide whether they wish to attend church, worship on their own or even use modern technologies to help them worship, whereas in the past the norm was to attend church and people felt obliged to do so. Davie describes this new pattern as believing without belonging and believes it is a new form of religion. As evidence of this, she points to wider attendance or reliance on religion in times of crisis. People are content to practice vicarious religion where a small number of professional clergy practise religion on behalf of a much larger number of p eople until times of national or personal tragedy. However, if Davies is correct then this would mean high levels of belief and low attendance which Voas and Crockett point out is not the case. Bruce argues that if people are not willing to get involved then their belief must not be sincere or strong so Davie’s defence is unrealistic. Hervieu-Leger points to an increase in individualism and a decline of tradition in society, ideas associated with late modernity, as reasons for a decline in institutional religion. Parents are reluctant to tell their children what to believe so traditional ideas can not be passed down, what Hervieu-Leger calls cultural amnesia. Churches can not be authoritarian and impose beliefs. This leaves people without a fixed religious identity or knowledge of traditional beliefs and thus they are forced to choose or create new religious beliefs and practices for themselves, whereas their ancestors simply repeated patterns of their forebearers. Fortunately having to select one’s own religion is not too demanding for people living in a postmodern society as one of its defining characteristics is consumerism, where we construct our identities through what we consume. H-L describes us now as ‘spiritual shoppers’: without a traditional fixed identity, we must select our own and we do this to best suit ourselves, choosing the beliefs which give most meaning to our lives and suit our interests and aspirations – an individualised religion. Thus instead of merely going to the church our parents went to, today we can take our own personal journey and this explains the wide range of organisations we can join from church to sect to cult. Some H-L describes as pilgrims focusing on self-discovery who join NAMs that concentrate on personal development and others are converts who want a religious group which offers a strong sense of belonging, to re-create a sense of community. Lyon, a postmodernist, supports the idea that traditional religion is giving way to a variety of new religious beliefs and practices because we are living in a postmodern society. In this society globalisation, the increased importance of the media and communications and the growth of consumerism all create a new era of diversity and choice in all aspects of life. Lyon demonstrates how these have affected religion. We are now exposed to a wider range of religious ideas than ever before and these have become ‘disembedded’ from their original local contexts so we can now adapt ideas and beliefs to suit our own purposes. Much new religious belief is simply a watered down version of Eastern religions, adapted to suit Western tastes. Practice of worship is also different because it is no longer necessary to attend a local church. Instead the ‘electronic church’ on the internet and televangelism allow us to stay at home. However, if it is difficult to get convincing statistics of how many people attend church and what effect this has on them, it is even more difficult to research the numbers involved in and the influence of this new form of worship. The very diversity of religions on offer forces a change in religious belief. People become sceptical that any one religion can offer the truth and are, therefore, willing to ‘sample’ any of the new NRMs on offer. Again this is a reflection of postmodern society where we no longer trust in any kind of expert, and have rejected ‘meta-narratives’ which seek to explain the world. This can even be seen in politics where the old certainties of left and right politics have been reduced to the centre ground – one could argue here that their beliefs have also become less strict. This means that new ideas will continue to flourish as we become increasingly disenchanted with the world.

Economy Scale: Inequality for All Essay

In the Documentary Inequality for All, scholar Robert Reich dissects the staggering facts on an unequal distribution of wealth between classes and its shattering effects on the American economy. He focuses on the fact that our middle class, which makes up 70% of our economy, is being kept on a tight leash from the wealthy that only make up the miniscule 1% of society, making the same amount of income as half of the country. He begins explaining how In the late 1970s inequality became a prominent issue, not necessarily on a declining economy, in contrast he clarifies that the GDP (gross domestic product) kept on increasing. The problem arises from the unparalleled income of the American workforce compared to the increasing prices of health care, housing, college and everyday costs of living. As expenditures increased for American households so should of workers wages, but instead many dropped or remained the same throughout the economic boom and even until now in our current date. This â€Å"huge gap† as Reich describes, between wages and rising economy became a problematic concern to all Americans constituting the middle class. The economy entered a vicious cycle as Reich explains it to be, a cycle on which low wages cause low consumer spending thus leading to a troubled economy for all. At first the middle class leaned on to borrowing from banks to get through their struggle balancing high living prices and low wages, another coping mechanism that kept the middle class going for a while was that women began entering the workforce to aid in the responsibilities of their households. Yet, these efforts weren’t enough for the two underlying issues; globalization and new technology whom were responsible for contributing to the flattening wages since 1970. An example of this can be seen with Amazon.com, a company that is responsible for taking out of the market many small businesses. The businesses that once performed the same work that Amazon.com does now, did so with many more workers, thus, propelled many more jobs than what amazon provides currently. With higher living standards and not enough disposable income the middle class go through daily struggles, only enough to make it on to next day while the wealthy keep storing away unimaginable sums of money that they themselves have no clue what to do with. With the raising inequality on the middle class, they are constrained to battling hurdles that make their efforts of moving upwards in life all the more difficult.  Reich suggest that the attention needs to be shifted towards the working class, primarily with their education; â€Å"prosperity generates prosperity. Preparing our workforce to specialize and become well-educated individuals will just add on to a thriving stable economy; making education affordable and investing on them expands the middle class as well as the success for both the wealthy and t he working class. The rich believe they do enough since they see themselves as job providers, and think that if it weren’t for their role in creating jobs, that our economy would be much worse. With this they argue on issues such as getting taxed too much and how the â€Å"job creators† are being attacked. In reality they are not making any genuine effort on balancing out our economy. The wealthy making over six figure salaries a year manage to pay 15% on taxes while the average middle class male that makes anywhere from $25,000 to $75,000 a years will get taxed double, paying an average of 30% or more on their taxes. Instead they keep accumulating money and invest in other things that give them a profitable return to themselves but not to the rest of the economy. With big companies such as General Electric (ge) who prioritize on making a profit rather than good jobs, by creating overseas jobs rather than providing them to laborers in America. Inequality is monster on its own that’s is growing out of proportion, taken down with it many middle class members jobs, homes and destabilizing their every day lives. As executive pay continuous to go up, they have enough money to buy government and their decisions. Inequality is a matter that came about those decisions driven by the wealthy on to the government that make choices for its people. No real effort to counter act the issue has been taken into place, still we are responsible for getting the message out to the masses and begin making a change for a united workforce. If we continue with the trend that began in the late 1970s and has made its way all the way until the present, it will only continue to get a lot harder for upcoming generations to have a fair way of life. Workers having no say on the matter will add more gasoline to the fuel that has begun to wash away many Americans hopes and dreams. This Documentary is a wide opening realization to all the factors that are contributing to many economic problems that have affected many, including me personally. Many are still blinded by the government’s false efforts of aiding every one towards the perfect â€Å"American Dream†. The issue falls on our hands from this  point on to make advancements in our education and expanding the capacities of our work force.

Perspectives on Love Essay

Love and relationships are controversial topics in which people encounter on a daily basis. They are also topics that are viewed by many different people, from different perspectives. Three authors write on the topic of love; Katherine Anne Porter in â€Å"Marriage is Belonging†, June Callwood in â€Å"Forget Prince Charming† and Robertson Davies in â€Å"The Pleasures of Love†. Porter argues that both partners must surrender their freedom and social life in order to obtain a steady relationship. She argues this because one must take time out of their social life in order to put time and effort into a relationship. Whereas, Callwood argues that long term relationships are unlike fairy tales and therefore require balance and compromise. Callwood argues this because individuals need to work at their relationship in order for their love to continue to thrive. Lastly, Davies argues when communication and understanding is abundant in a relationship, love is less likely to die. Davies argues this because communication is crucial in respect to discovering the traits and reasoning that brought them together. Individual’s perspectives on love and how to find a lifelong partner differ greatly. Katherine Anne Porter, the author of â€Å"Marriage is Belonging†, writes that one must sacrifice their independence in order to â€Å"†¦share another life, the life in fact presumably dearest to them† (Porter 56). Being united with someone means that one must always be loyal, honest and generous towards their partner. Porter says that these characteristics as well as reducing the importance of a social life â€Å"are required for two people to go on growing together and in the same direction† (Porter58). She uses this quote to explain that one must give up partial freedom so that time and effort can be put into the beginning of their new, shared life. As a result of surrendering one’s social life for a significant other, in return one will be compensated with a permanent place to belong. Likewise Porter, June Callwood believes that one must give something to get something in return. Callwood writes that building a life-long union requires a lot of work and effort. Balance and compromise from both parties is required for a relationship to survive. To prove her thesis Callwood writes â€Å"†¦Dr. William Blatz was asked the secret of his serene marriage. He replied ‘I make the dressing and she makes the salad. ’† (Callwod 323). Callwood effectively uses this quote to demonstrate thatr elationships are a collaboration. Though balance is not always fifty-fifty, effort comes from both sides. In â€Å"Forget Prince Charming† Callwood shares a realistic perspective of a long-term relationship, in which does not involve ‘Prince Charming’, but two individuals who compromise and work towards learning to live with one another. Lifelong relationships do not come easy and are something that partners need to work at. In agreement with Callwood, Davies believes that relationships require effort. In â€Å"The Pleasures of Love†, Davies claims that the love of individuals that confide in each other continues to thrive. He writes, â€Å"†¦knowing only that they will be happier united than apart, they had better set to work as soon as possible to discover why they married and nourish the feeling which has drawn them together† (Davies 53). Davies uses this quote to express that individuals that are in love must discover what they like about their partner in order to enjoy each other’s company and to have a loved plentiful union. In addition, he states in his essay, communication between lovers leads to a stronger, long lasting relationship. â€Å"People who love each other should talk to each other; they should confide their honest emotions, their deepest wishes† (Davies 54). This quote demonstrates that when one shares emotions and secrets with their significant other results in understanding of feelings as well as trust. Communication between partners is an important part of keeping love alive.

BUSINESS STUDIES Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10250 words

BUSINESS STUDIES - Dissertation Example – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 39 5.1 Conclusion 39 5.2 Recommendations 40 REFERENCE LIST 41 APPENDIX 46 Appendix I – Questionnaire 46 Appendix II – Focus Group Survey 46 CHAPTER I 1.1 Introduction The evolution of strategic thinking has brought genuine revolution in the way business is conducted. Strategy is also considered as a dominant framework through which companies try to determine what they are actually doing and what they intends to do so (Allio and Randall, 2010). Eminent scholars such as Aaby and McGann (1989) defined strategy as the plan or pattern that assimilates the major goals, actions and policies of the organization into a cohesive form. A well-crafted strategy assists organizations to marshal and dispense the resources into a viable and unique posture on the basis of its relative competencies, deficiencies, anticipated environmental changes and the conditional moves by the competitors. In the context of a business, strategy is often regarded as the activities or actions of the organization. This is the reason why the strategy of a company is regarded as the steps taken by organizations in order to stay ahead of the rivals and bring a new set of customers along with keeping the existing customer base (Coombs and Hull, 1998). A business consists of several resources in the form of skills of employees and managers, innovative capacity, as well as its brand image. There are different types of strategy that a company crafts and implements (Michael, Pride and Ferrell, 2007). Some of the notable ones are the business strategy, which is often regarded as the general strategies of a firm that includes the way operations will be carried out, the human resources planning, the service strategy and other business elements; corporate strategy which defines the business of the company as well as the market of the company in which it operates and also encompasses the mission and vision of the organization; competitive strategy, which d efines the strategy adopted by affirm to outplay the rivals and attain a strong position in the market place. Among the different forms of study mentioned above, this study will focus only on the corporate strategies and customer service strategy. A corporate strategy is the way by which organizations determine the best option of deploying the available resources of a firm. On the other hand the customer service strategy is the strategy pursued by firms to deliver services to the customers. This study intends to explore the impact of well-crafted corporate strategy and customer service strategy on the business of blue-chip companies in the high-tech sector. 1.2 Background of the Study

How intersectional identities can transform intersectional Dissertation

How intersectional identities can transform intersectional disadvantage into public appreciation through sports - Dissertation Example It is argued that there is a public romance with sports in which black athletes such as Tiger Woods, Michael Jordan and Pele together with homosexual Carl Lewis have challenged stereotypical attitudes toward homosexuals and racial minorities.4 In other words, there are opportunities for minorities in sports to penetrate intersectional boundaries and to not only gain acceptance, but to also be admired. This research study will demonstrate the opportunities according competitive sports for transcending intersectional boundaries by reference to South Africa’s Rugby League. South Africa, a country that has transitioned from apartheid to democracy in the late 20th century provides an example of both extremes: oppression and equality in sports. This study will therefore be divided into four parts. The first part of this study defines intersectionalities and provides an analysis of sports generally. The second part of this paper provides an intersectional analysis of sports in South Africa’s Rugby league during apartheid. The third part of this study conducts an intersectional analysis of sports in post-Apartheid South Africa’s Rugby League. The final part of the paper analyses intersectionalities in sports today. Part I: Introduction Davis defines intersectionality as: †¦the interaction between gender, race, and other categories of diffiference in individual lives, social practices, institutional arrangements, and cultural ideologies and the outcomes of these interactions in terms of power.5 The term intersectionality was introduced by Kimberle Crenshaw in 1989 as a means of providing more profound insight into the experiences of non-white women. Crenshaw felt that feminist studies did not adequately address the special circumstances that women of diverse racial minorities experienced. Crenshaw argued that there was a need to demonstrate how both gender and race interacted to inform the experiences of women of colour.6 Today, intersectionali ty theory is understood as a means of analyzing the intersection between gender, race, class and ethnicity and how these interactions are manifested in community settings, institutions and the daily lives on individuals and their interactions with others.7 Essentially, intersectionality takes the postion that different social entities are made up of different identities. For example black people are comprised of black heterosexuals, black homosexuals and my other identities. Intersectionality theory argues that the different status identities of members of a social group will correspond with the extent to which the individual will likely be discriminated against.8 Over the last ten or so years there has been an intensifying growth in intersectional analyses as a result of an appreciation for the realization that identities are multidimensional and are constantly changing and formed by â€Å"power† through â€Å"additional categories as social class, sexuality, and

Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final Exam - Assignment Example oup faces an ethical dilemma on whether to provide a minimal support of food, clothes and water or return to the base camp and provide the Sadhu with a proper care. One individual decides that the journey was more important than the welfare of the stranger while another member tried to help him as much as he could. When the two individuals meet up, one of them asks the other How he feels about contributing to the death of the Sadhu. Nobody was sure whether Sadhu was dead or alive and no one was willing to accept total responsibility of the Sadhu but they did what they could to their convenience. The ethical issues brought in the parable are that of self interest, compassion and the issue of passing a burden to others. The issue of fulfilling self interest is portrayed by one member of the group who states that the journey as more important than helping a needy Sadhu.This show that he does not care of those in need and this is an ethical problem.The ethical issue of compassion which is presented in the virtue approach of ethical thinking is clearly shown by a member of the group who takes the burden of helping the sadhu although in the end of the journey he does not know whether the sadhu survived o died but he can be credited for trying to provide means in which the sadhu can get better. Passing on of burden from one person to the other is also an ethical issue raised within the parable as one member of the group passes the burden of Sadhu to the others. This occurs mostly in the society as people tend to pass stressful issues to other in order to escape the stress accompan ying the issue. Corporate social responsibility is a corporate self regulation that is incorporated into a business model. The built in self regulation by businesses ensures they adhere to the law, international norms and ethical standards. Under corporate social responsibility, businesses have big responsibility for the impact of the activities on the consumers, environment, communities,

Sociology - Asian-Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sociology - Asian-Americans - Essay Example Asia's products had reached the Americans from then on until eventually it reached Europe. Since 1565, economic trade among Asian countries and the United States was already existent. America's silver reached China, as well as lacquer in its American colonies and in Spain. Crops - corn and potatoes - from the United States had been transported to China to support its growing population passing through the Manila, Philippines. The galleon trade as well inhibited a connection between China and the Philippines such that the sailors from Manila to Acapulco remained and traveled to Spain's other colonies in other parts of America. Due to this continuous access to some parts of America, Filipinos, who were the first Asian settlers in the United States, established fishing and shrimping villages in bayous near New Orleans possibly as early as 1765, when they reached Louisiana. From then on, other Asian settlers followed after the Filipinos. "South Asians settled in port cities along the Eas tern seaboard by the 1780s, followed by the Chinese shortly thereafter, and Hawaiians negotiated the coasts and camps of California and the Pacific Northwest by the 1790s." (Okihiro, 2001) Initially, men were the initial settlers in the US. ... In 1778, at the same time when Captain James Cook came across Hawaii, Chinese sailors came in and immigrated as well. They too settled and intermarried with Hawaiian women. Some of the Chinese however reached the country along with the Koreans and Japanese as laborers to work on sugar plantations in the 19th century. Although there was still a large number of Chinese and Japanese began immigrating to the U.S. in the mid 19th century and worked as laborers on the transcontinental railroad. The surge in Asian immigration in the late 19th century had caused the "yellow peril", a term used to refer to the fear in the growing number of Asians in the country. ("Asian") The increasing tumult in the immigrants' respective countries was deemed as the main cause of such event in the American history of immigration before it even had its independence. "National independence failed to sever Asia's moorings within the world system and its circuits of capital, goods, labor, and culture, and political and economic refugees and migrant laborers still accompany products from Asia to Europe and North America as they did in the past. Since 1980, the rate of growth among Asian Americans far surpassed that of other groups, including whites, African Americans, and Latinos." (Okihiro, 2001) The United States' during the time that the Asian Americans were migrating into the country, America was at the same time facing its own economic and societal struggle. Along with the United States' capital deals with its systemic crisis of declining profits, the country seek out for cheaper labor that would live up to the government's infrastructural budgets. One way out of this crisis was to recruit and hire immigrants that were composed of

OSI Layer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

OSI Layer - Assignment Example However, other similar system programs are not included in the scope of OSI model; however they perceive an end user's typing into a Layer 1 demand (Holmes, 2011; RingofSaturn, 2011). In other words, the application layer works as an interface between users and network. Thus, it allows the users to access network operational services. In addition, this layer holds a multiplicity of required processes: (Microsoft, 2011)   5 PRESENTATION LAYER 6 The presentation layer offers a range of encoding and encryption processes that are applied to the data received from application layer. The purpose of these processes is to make sure that information received from the application layer of one system will be understandable to the application layer of another system. In addition, it works as a translator of the network since it translates the data to be accessible to the system’s application layer. ... In this scenario, the complexity and size of a network transport protocol completely depends upon the kind of service which is presented to it by the network layer. In addition, for a trustworthy network layer with virtual circuit potential, a negligible transport layer is necessary. On the other hand, if the network layer is untrustworthy and/or simply facilitates datagram transitions method, the transport protocol should encompass widespread error discovery and recovery methods.  Moreover, the transport layer is responsible for carrying out following tasks: 8 NETWORK LAYER 9 Network layer offers freedom from data transfer technology and routing concerns, masks peculiarities of data transport medium from higher layers and offers switching and routing processes to create, uphold, and end network layer links and transfer data among various users. In this scenario, the network layer is mainly responsible for controlling the processes of the subnet, and making a decision that which ph ysical path the data should be based upon, main concerns of service, and other aspects. In addition, network layer of OSI model carries out following tasks: (Fairhurst, 2001; Fairhurst, The Internetwork Protocol (IP), 2008; Microsoft, 2011) 9 DATA LINK LAYER 10 The data link layer is the place where logical data and information (for example network IP addresses) are actually interpreted into the electrical pulses that move over the physical layer. In addition, ATM, Frame Relay and DSL follow Data Link layer mechanisms. Additionally, the OSI model data link layer offers error-free communication of data frames from one node to another network node over the physical layer, permitting layers above it to suppose virtually error-free data and network

Long Bone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Long Bone - Essay Example Every column is composed of lamellae, concentric bony layers, regularly arranged in a manner determined by the distribution of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves supplying the bone. These three structures are bundled together in central channels, called Haversian canals, surrounded by lamellae. These canals connect with each other through Volkmann's canals, which breach them perpendicularly. (Young, 2000) In a long bone, the epiphyses are mainly composed of spongy bone, while on the other hand; in the diaphysis, only a thin layer of spongy bone lines the inner surface of the shaft (immediately surrounding the medullary cavity). This type of bone is composed of a network of irregular bony plates, called trabeculae, separated from each other by a maze of intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow. These trabeculae consist of irregular lamellae with lacunae composed of osteocytes, which help in bone nutrition. They are also lined with a fine tissue layer, the endosteum, which contains osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. (Young, 2000) It is the large central cavity of a long bone that is mostly occupied by spongy bone. In premature beings, the cavities of most bones contain red (active) bone marrow that is responsible for the production of blood cells. In adults, red marrow is found only on specific sites while the rest of the cavity is filled with yellow (inactive) marrow, which is mostly adipose tissue. (Young, 2000) Nutrient Foramen: It is the outer opening of the nutrient canal in the shaft of a long bone. It is the point on the bone for the entrance of the nutrient artery, which is responsible for the blood supply to the medullary cavity of the long bone. (OMD, 2000) Diaphysis: Ossification progressively spreads from the primary center of ossification, i.e. the center of the long bone, towards the ends of the bone. The part of the long bone that develops from the primary center, that is, the shaft, is known as diaphysis. (Young, 2000) Epiphyses: At the secondary centers of ossification, located at the cartilaginous ends of the developing bone, cartilage is replaced by bone in the same way as it occurs at the primary centers. Parts of bone that develop from these centers, that is, the ends, are known as epiphyses. Proximal epiphyses refers to the end that grows towards the primary center, while distal epiphyses refers to the end that grows away from the primary center. (Young, 2000) Epiphyseal Plate: It is the plate of cartilage intervening between the diaphysis and epiphyses. This plate is responsible for the elongation of the bone during childhood and early adulthood through constant proliferation of the cartilage. At maturity, this plate is replaced by bone resulting in the fusion of the epiphyses and diaphysis. (Young, 2000) Epiphyseal Line: The junction of the epiphyses and diaphysis indicated later in life by a faint ridge on the outer surface of the long bone is called the Epiphyseal line. (Young, 2000) Articular Cartilage: It is a specialized hyaline cartilage that covers the articulating bone surfaces within the joints. Hence, it is responsible for the smooth movement of bones against one another in a joint.

Child Abuse Mandatory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Child Abuse Mandatory - Essay Example From the essay it is clear that within the US, almost all state governments have established statutes to ensure that child abuse cases are reported in seeking to manage the process. There are professional groups and institutions which have been identified and handed the responsibility to legally report incidents of child abuse within the various states. It, therefore, becomes an obligation of the selected organisations to ensure the laws are enforced, through ensuring that all the cases are reported as stipulated within the law. Within the state of California the following state statutes are utilised in the mandatory child abuse reporting. While these has been many debates on the mandatory child reporting since the first enactment of such law in 1963, the current issues are contained in The Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA)[i]  which was enacted in 1980. It continues to be amended in order to provide specific details like the persons required to report, the procedures a nd many other elements of the reporting. The Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act came into force within the state of California in 1980 and has been amendment to clarify terms and provide better definitions of terms This paper discusses that  legal obligation that is required of the reporting agencies is the ability to support any reported incidents. When an individual completes the mandated report form, and they present a report they should be able to sign as a way of confirming knowledge or understanding the information contained within the context of the report provided.

Services Marketing Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Services Marketing Master - Case Study Example Thus, companies should focus on establishing and implementing an efficient marketing needs which considers the needs of its various customers. Companies provide either tangible or intangible products to their clientele. Tangible offerings are often classified as goods while intangible ones are services. In coming up with an efficient marketing mix, the nature of a company's products should be taken into account. Goods require the identification of four Ps which go into the marketing mix. These essential elements are product, price, place, and promotion. Services, however, are very much different from tangible products as they have four special characteristics: intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishability. Thus, these also necessitate the application of an extended marketing mix which further incorporates people, physical evidence, and process to the four Ps (The Services Marketing Mix n.d.). This section will briefly outline and define these essential concepts is developing a marketing mix. For further clarification, the discussed elements will be applied to the operation and marketing activities of Cutting Edge Hair and Beauty Salon. Product. ... Instead of looking at the capabilities of a business organisation, it first opts to deeply consider its target market, locating their unsatisfied needs and preferences. From here, the company develops solutions and offer them to the customers as their products. As competition heats up in the global market, companies are further differentiating their products to their competitors. Nowadays, it is notable how market players differentiate their products from the common offering. In the hospitality industry, Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company is not just giving customers a place to stay but the Ritz-Carlton experience which "enlivens the senses, instills well being, and fulfills even the unexpressed wishes and needs of our guests." The service offered by the Cutting Edge Hair and Beauty Salon is fully and directly expressed in its mission statement: "It is our goal to provide superior hairdressing in an efficient, profitable manner within the confines of a caring, quality environment." However, we can see that the company is far from a typical player in the same industry as it continuously tries to impart excellent service. The saloon can be seen to offer high-end luxurious service. These efforts, which will be discussed below, help the company in improving its overall product image. Price. The price of a company's product is often dependent on its chosen pricing strategy as well as the image that it wants to project in the industry. As companies incur costs from their operations, it is important that they also charge their customers an amount for their services. Prices often determine whether the company pursues more for less or more for more strategies. High prices may enhance the image of a service offered to the

Group Development Essay Example for Free

Group Development Essay First, here is a summary of the development stages of a team. In the forming stage, team members come togetherand form initial impressions. They socialize in order to get to know each other and bond with other team members. In the storming stage, team members experience hostility and infighting over tasks and how the team works. In the norming stage, team members start to come together and realize what needs to be accomplished. In the performing stage, team members are well-organized and well-functioningand maintain a positive balance. In the adjourning stage, team members achieve closure when the project is accomplished. At the end of the cask study the team is still in the storming phase of team development. The team has not fully come together. There is still some infighting with Mike and the presence of cliques is developing, for example, the situation in the cafeteria. Overall, I think there is tension within the team. Christine’s leadership abilities could benefit by having knowledge of the stages of group development. Aside from the very first meeting Mike was not present at any subsequent meetings. He missed out on the forming stage of team development. During this stage Mike could have talked with the team about his outside distractions, job and girlfriend, that may prevent him from fully participating at the meetings, and on the project. If Christine had some knowledge of team development she would have recognized this lapse in the forming stage and could have been able to address this issue with Mike before it became a bigger problem. Christine, as the team leader, could have pulled Mike aside and talked to him about the importance of attending the meetings. She could have spoke with him after the cafeteria incident to reassure him that he was not being excluded, but that all the team members being there was truly a coincidence. Also, she could have told Mike her opinion about how she felt he had a lot to offer the team, the value of his contributions and how it would help with the success of the team. PART II – Problem Identification The primary problem that appears in this case is Christine’s lack of knowledge in team development and as a team leader. The secondary problem is Mike’s unwillingness to contribute to the team. Since Christine did not have knowledge of team development or experience she was ineffective as the team leader. She could have organized the team better by assigning tasks’, scheduling meetings in advance, and possible scheduling a team building event to solidify the forming stage of development. Mike was the second problem to overall team success. Although Mike had issues outside of the team he should have talked to the team at the beginning and asked for assistance and support. After the incident in the cafeteria Mike simply walked away. He should have stayed for a few minutes and discussed the situation with the other members. I don’t fell Mike did his part to interact with the team to enhance the forming stage of development. After the first meeting he immediately set himself as an outsider. Christine as a leader must understand the each group of individuals is going to have its own personality, both individually and collectively. When you understand the needs of each member, and the dynamic that each one brings to the group, then and only then, are you able to develop a strategy to utilize team development to achieve the groups ultimate goal. The goal is to complete a quality project on time. If Christine’s knowledge of team synergy, social facilitation, and overall team effectiveness would have server her well in her role as project leader. Lastly, Christie needs to learn how to assign tasks based on the strengths, and weaknesses of each team member. Other members of the team each had something to offer, including Mike. He was classified as a clown. Clowns tend to be very spontaneous in their thinking; this is a possible source of new and innovative ideas. This should have been communicated to Mike as well as the rest of the team. PART III – Retrospective Evaluation In order for Christine to solve her primary problem two things need to occur. First, Christine should take a class in organization behavior. Understanding the team development process, as well as, team effectiveness, and teams in an organization will definitely help Christine. She will be able to understand, and identify positive and negative aspects of her project team and would have been able to implement steps to correct any deficiencies. The second aspect was Christine’s lack of effectiveness and her inability to integrate Mike into the team. After the first meeting which Mike attended, the problems started. Mike did not make meeting, and was submitting hand written notes. Christine should have structured a meeting that Mike could attend, or scheduled a team building social event. in addition, she could have started reviewing his notes with the other team members at the meetings since he was not there to do it himself. This would at least have given the other team members the knowledge that Mike was making an effort on his part of the project. PART IV – Reflection In my opinion Christine was presented with a challenge that was way above her level of experience. Her lack of knowledge in team development, and as a team leader was evident in the project team. The team did not make it past the storming phase, and therefore never fully developed into an efficient team. She failed to integrate one individual into the team. This caused friction within the team and left one section of the project incomplete with one week remaining until the deadline. Overall, I do not believe Christine was an effective group leader. REFERENCES 1. Schermerhorn, J.R. Jr.,Osborn, R.N., Uhl-Bien, M., Hunt, J.E., Organizational Behavior 12th Edition (2012), John Wiley Sons, Danvers, MA.

Human Rights And Global Justice

Human Rights And Global Justice The principle of human rights aims to identify the fundamentals required by each individual to live in a good life. The emergence and success of human rights are emphasized by three allied features; human rights are distinctively modern, are a political invention and are inherently revolutionary. To say that human rights are a distinctively recent construction does not refute the long history of values which have facilitated human rights into becoming the leading idealism it is today. Until a few centuries ago, a vast majority of political philosophers held the stance that rights were natural, god-given and self evident. Thus this essay will focus explicitly on the three allied features to explain how the nature of human rights is neither grounded in eternal truth or self evident. It will also look at significant figures involved in drafting the current ideas of human rights. Lastly, it will then proceed to demonstrate that only in recent times that it has become agreeable that right s are social constructs, open and subject to change determined by evolution of society. (www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-rights.html) The emergence of human rights is primarily due to societys reaction to ideas of natural and revolutionary rights. Natural rights are those rights allowing one to act as an individual for his own comfort and happiness, in a manner which does not affect the natural rights of others. These were seen as undeniable rights, rights that individuals intrinsically possess, which cannot be revoked by anyone. Natural rights were also juxtaposed heavily to the laws of nature. The comparison of the rights to the laws of nature however proves to be rather flawed. Laws of nature cannot be violated, yet for centuries, the human rights of people have been breached through situations in instances such as war and slavery. (introduction, Inventing Human Right: A history (New York: Norton, 2007) The modern era of human rights stress two significant concepts; the concept of human rights which dominated Europe during the Eighteenth-century (and societies to follow ) and the idea that peoples rights were determined by god. The concept of rights during the Eighteenth century was anchored by hierarchical establishments whereby rights were pertained to social classes rather than an individual. Right of citizens were not based on a liberal concept of society, natural law and human reason, but based on the conception that those capable of human reason posses rights. In other words, only those from higher classes were capable of reason, and thus, capable of possessing human rights. Interestingly, this contradicts our understanding of universal human rights. All human beings by virtue have certain fundamental rights; in an ideal world, these fundamental rights cannot be taken away from any one person; there is nothing one can do to deprive others of these rights. Disturbingly however, Those who confidently declared rights to be universal in the late eighteenth century excluded from political process those without property, slaves, and free blacks and in some cases, religious minorities. This raises the question of whether these declarations in fact contained any real emancipatory meaning. (introduction, Inventing Human Right: A history (New York: Norton, 2007) Although it can be argued that founders and declarers can be judged discriminatory for their inability to consider everyone truly equal in rights, their actions were what essentially prompted the political invention of human rights. Human rights are, debatably, a product of political invention rather than a result of societal evolution. Monarchist Hobbes and philosopher Locke are two predominant figures .Hobbes innovation was to suggest that by state of nature all individual should be viewed as equal however be subject to an all powerful ruler in order to prevent anarchy. In direct contrast, Lockes interpreted this to potentially justify political revolution by making authorities dependant on Governments consent. Lockes perception that political powers were better off lying in the consent of government rather than in the consent of divine authority ensured that human rights remain protected. Lockes argued that the whole objective of government was to protect and maintain public rights; the state could never have the power to destroy or impoverish its subject. If in the case a government begins to do this and breaches the contract, people have a right to replace it. This, in turn, imposed limits on what rulers co uld do, and limited the power that rulers could exercise, ensuring yet again that human rights were not violated. This resulted in a profound transformation in societys reactions to natural rights. As human rights emerged into a more modern form, allowed the fostering of humanism, rationalism and individualism, which is now embodied in modern human rights. Through its reliance on reason as a justification, human rights ultimately transcend and thus threaten traditional values and beliefs, grounded in eternal truth. (introduction, Inventing Human Right: A history (New York: Norton, 2007) Rights were often seen as god-given and self-evident. Thomas Jefferson, in the declaration of Independence declared that we hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In saying that, Jefferson is essentially saying that human rights are god given and self-evident. Had Jefferson provided an adequate explanation for his claim, the self-evidence of the claim would have evaporated as an assertion which requires argument. Jefferson sidestepped this by simply claiming that rights are self-evident. The mere fact that ongoing debate still exists in regards to Jeffersons declaration, shows that Human Rights are anything but obvious. (introduction, Inventing Human Right: A history (New York: Norton, 2007) Human rights exist not just because of reason, but also because of emotion. In this sense, rights thus are not found, but depend on the shift of emotional regimes and the means by which society sees others within themselves and society as a whole. In respect to the act of torture, much of our response to torture is a result of the emotional response and what anti-torture organizations play on our emotions. The practice of torture has a long history in the worlds democracy dating back from ancient Greece to Rome. Throughout history, torture has often been used as a method of political re-education and coercion, being carried out on government orders to those who had committed the more serious crimes. Torture was performed in public to demonstrate the consequences other citizen would also encounter if they decide to perform the same deed. Nevertheless, as people developed the ability to look beyond social boundary and see others as people who shared the same moral universe, a profound transformation occurred through which, people adopted an emotional lead that torture was a violation of ones basic human rights. This shows that Human rights are subject to revision and change as circumstances changes, more specifically, where there exists a psychological shift in the way people understand the concept of equality and fair justice. Human rights thus were an invention not because of philosophers and revolutionaries logically derived them from first principle, but rather as a result of the acceptance of equality, regardless of social status and order. Critiques of figures such as Jefferson have had a lasting repercussion on the understanding of human rights. The tension which exists between individual rights and social responsibility is an ongoing tension, something which influences human rights today, yet again showing that rights are not at all self-evident. They are without doubt a reason construction, subject to change determined by the evolution of societys moral values. QUESTION 3 Human rights is an interdisciplinary quest through which various theories of knowledge in field such as medicine, political sciences, law and history contribute to each other and form a more comprehensive understand of what rights and wrongs. The rise of concerns in respect collective rights, not just the right to self determination and protections against discrimination, but also rights to live in a secure society, clean environment, food and basic human needs shapes our political perspective of what encompasses human rights. A broader understanding of human rights further facilitates in enabling experts in fields of law and medicine to create convincing theories and enforce standards to protect its violations in respect to mental health and female circumcision. A comprehensive understanding of human rights assists in regulating the relationship between individuals and public authorities such as medical professionals. The primary purpose of practioners is to provide care. The world medical association, in its Declaration of Tokyo, advocates that it is the privilege of the physician to practice medicine in the service of humanity, to preserve and restore bodily and mental health without distinction as to person. Violations of these practices, undertaken in the forms of torture, rape and genocide or inadequate health care can have an adverse effect on a persons mental health. The complementary nature between mental disability and the rights of humans positions human rights to serve as a tool to safeguard and promote the rights and welfare of persons with mental disability. Through the implementation of these rights, medical professionals are given a sense of guidance as to what is meant by accepted good practice and the necessity to act in the interest of patients; especially in the case of treating those with mental disability. Doctors finding on what factors trigger mental disability, whether it be inside or outside governments control allows states to ensure rights arent being breached, or improve the standard of care where needed. (Declaration of Tokyo, Human Rights and Global justice student reading guide, page 176) Complementing the medical perspective (who diagnose the factors resulting in mental health) the states are required to improve the meant health of individuals by providing decent economical facilities such as hospital-based treatment. The idea of human rights does not rely on government beneficences but rather asserts that these rights and freedoms are possessed by people simply as a result of their humanity; they are neither granted nor can they be denied by government. However, International human rights, an evolving body of law holds the promise for advancing the welfare of rights of a person with disabilities through providing fundamental rights to fairness and protection from governmental interference with autonomy, bodily integrity and liberty. (Beyond moral claims: A human rights approach to mental health, medicalization of female circumcision) Another instance in which an understanding of human rights integrates into the works of both medical professionals and the law is the practice of female circumcision. Challenges to the practice of female circumcision as a violation of human rights can be taken on through both a legal and medical perspective. Although legislations prohibiting the act of female genital cutting were introduced in Guinea in 1965, prosecutions under the law in regards to this practice were rare. This was primarily a result of sexuality being a private issue and sexual behaviour being largely determined by cultural beliefs. In most cases, those who have been subject to circumcision often felt morally or socially accepted proceeding the event, and argue that the practice does not breach violations of human rights. In this circumstance, it cannot be argued that those involved are opposed to the practice of circumcision. However, through the argument of right to health, an act which considers female circumcis ing to produce menacing health problems presents the means by which the womens right to health were being breached. Beyond moral claims: A human rights approach to mental health, medicalization of female circumcision) Thus it can be seen, in order to gain a comprehensive understanding whether human rights are being breached, one must not only be knowledgeable in any particular field, but have a collective idea of rights based on these disciplines. Both the legal and medical understandings of factors resulting in mental health ensure that both the needs of those with mental health are met in a medical environment whilst ensuring that their fundamental rights to freedom and healthcare are not violated. Similarly, in the case of female circumcise, both legal and medical implications must be understood in order for convincing theories to be derived in regards to the health and further enforce standards to protect violations of basic human rights.

Media And Writing Essay Semiotic Analysis

Media And Writing Essay Semiotic Analysis Any journal article essentially tries to convince the reader to accept the fact that something exists, and it should draw more attention. With the use of semiotic analysis and the codes, conventions, connotations and ideologies to construct it, this essay will analyze the chosen photo and to highlight The Question of Youth Violence article. The first step in analyzing the multiple meanings of a photo is to understand what is this image and textual message telling to us at a denotation level, which according to Barthes, is the first order of signification (OShaughnessy and Stadler, 2005:115). The photo in this article is a picture that shown the image of a pencil-bag with a light blue flower on its red background, around edge of an opened zipper there is a ball-pen with pink colour, and another ball-pen with flowers hanging over the edge. Moreover, at middle of those ball-pens a sharpen knife stick out of pencil-bag and lights shine onto the pencil-bag gives a shaded area is beneath it. A quote children are more aggressive and grow up more likely to become involved in violence C either as a victimize or as a victim C if they witness violent acts. The home is the most fertile breeding place for this situation, (American Psychological Association, 1996) at top of the photo. In article, American FBI figures shown in 1996 girls accounted for 15 percent of all violent juvenile arrests in United States and followed with few cases related to juvenile arrests. Thus, this article are constructed by a complex system, which includes implied narrative, interpellation, ideology, index , symbol, signifier and signified which aim to gain more attention from the reader. Secondly, in order to highlight a relevant mental representation to the photo, one can evaluate the connotation of the photo and then the context itself. According to Barthes, connotation is the emotions, values and associations that a sign gives rise to in the reader, viewer, or listener (OShaughnessy and Stadler, 2005:116). This pointing out in order to explain the ideologies of the photo, its need a full understanding of all elements that build up the photo. In the photo a knife dramatically sticks out in the middle of stationeries could been considered in school, students starting behave more rational and it is dangers to other student. Furthermore, the quote children are more aggressive and grow up more likely to become involved in violence C either as a victimize or as a victim C if they witness violent acts. (American Psychological Association, 1996) also supporting the photo in a more generalized perspective and at same time suggests prevent children from experiencing any for m of violent acts. Today, due to the liberation of express oneself and lack of restriction of selling and buying knife and firearm the social and moral boundaries are weakling day by day. For example, in journal article July 29, 2009 C 17-year-old Alexis Harris dies after being stabled by another girl during an argument on a basketball court in Cleveland, Ohio. (Gina, 2009:22), in this paragraph exposed security issues in high school. In addition, from this quote we noticed teenager boys and girls could not control themselves when their conscious driven by anger, humiliation. Before any further discussion, it is important to know the target audience of the article. The context of a photo article is linking with our understanding of the inscribed reader and the meaning of the text (OShaughnessy and Stadler, 2005:127). This photo article was found in the Vision journal. The journal is mainly focusing on the challenges that face society today. The journal article is aim at any person who is passionate to examining and researching in complex social, moral and philosophical perspective, and brings solutions to the problems humanity faces today. This may explain the metaphorical approach of the photo and a quotation from American Psychological Associations research paper, highlighting the youth violence is critical. Thus, the link between context and inscribed reader is obvious. In semiotic analysis, interpellation was used to describe, A process in which we internalize ideologies as response to being addressed (OShaughnessy and Stadler, 2005:162). That red pe ncil-bag in the advertisement and filled with the feminine colored stationery. Thus, such image leads me to think, in general are all children who use a red pencil-bag indicate they are potentially being violent or only the girls are intend to be more violent. Furthermore, I am interpellated as being concerned with school violence because each student in school having their pencil-bag, thus readers are getting more concerning about their children in reality. In terms of the text of the article, three areas should been discussed in detail in order to understand connotative ideas of the photo. One is the quote on top of the photograph; the large and bold font size; and the organization name in a catching red font color below the quote. The word children of the quote children are more aggressive fertile breeding place for this situation. is implied in general all children are more aggressive without gender difference. Moreover, the publisher of this quote and examples in the context C American Psychological Association, shows the truth and evidence of this studies have developed and concluded by authority. Last, FBI figures indicated 15 percent of total juvenile arrests are girls, who committed in violence. This figures increasing since 1996 (University of Alaska Anchorage, 2006). In terms of the journal article name the question of youth violence, the words youth and violence contains a symbol C which It is well established that co-relation between signifier an signified based on understanding of the article and background (OShaughnessy and Stadler, 2005). In this case, the signifier is the pencil-bag and knife in the photo and the signified is a fact C youth violence has a increasing trend in female gender. This symbol is widely understood in the world as a symbol of schoolchildren and violence, and it relates to the title the question of youth violence at first look on the photo. Thus, the quote, the figures and live examples in article has constructed a central ideology on Youth Violence. Visually, this photo has many layers, as William says, Reading media imagery is an active process in which context, social location, and prior experience other readers who may see different meanings. (William, et al., 1992). The first thing one saw when looking at the red pencil-bag, we know this is belong to a student. Furthermore, stationary in the pencil-bag are include a various ballpoint pen, pencil sharpener and mathematical instruments because every student has math and a language course at least. Thus, a knife was inside a pencil-bag means a student was intended to hurt someone, because knife was a symbol of violence and blood. Using this image, the author tried to link student and violence and he successfully combined those two ideas. Another successful creation of the photo is its colour scheme. The pencil-bag is coloured with a flashing red colour C a colour possibly implied feminine characteristic of the pencil-bag, and light blue symbolize cold and consciousness. In addition, all stationary inside the pencil-bag are followed with same color scheme to define the owner is a female. Thus, from this analysis one can draw narrative image in their mind. It has called the story a picture presents (OShaughnessy and Stadler, 2005:125). The implied story is a teenage girl who are intended or an urges to hurt somebody with a knife. The implied narrative is furthered by the quotation on the top of the page, and that leads reader to continue to read more about article in details and further. Finally, semiotic terminology is developed with various effects from a particular ideology, which relate to the photo and context of an article. When analyzing the the question of youth violence photo article, one main ideology is established. Which is the ideology that youth violence is increasing over decade and its become more serious than ever; In addition to this ideology is juvenile arrests starting include females as well. According to American FBI figures from 1996 to 2002, female juvenile arrest has increased by 9 percent (Gina, 2009:22). In reality, many readers are not aware of the facts of teenager is very easy be affected by various source to become violent. Through the narrative implication author warn the parents and teenager themselves to be aware of the world have to pay more attention to youth as a whole and in order to prevent any sad incidence in future we need to guide children to a strong and heath shape in term of physical and psychological balance.

The Cause and Effect of the Subprime Mortgage Crisis :: Financial Crisis Mortgage Sub-Prime

The subprime mortgage crisis is an ongoing event that is affecting buyers who purchased homes in the early 2000s. The term subprime mortgage refers to the many home loans taken out during a housing bubble occurring on the US coast, from 2000-2005. The home loans were given at a subprime rate, and have now lead to extensive foreclosures on home loans, and people having to leave their homes because they can not afford the payments. (Chote) The cause and effect of this crisis can be broken down into five major reasons. When subprime mortgages began to flourish, the term housing bubble came into existence. The term relates to the time in which houses sharply increased in value, and consumers often borrowed at less than the lowest rates. People believed that the price of their homes would rise and they could then refinance for lower payments. The problem with that mentality is many people didn’t just refinance for lower payments, they also refinanced for personal spending. Inflation of home prices meant homeowners suddenly had more equity and were able to spend the money as they chose. All good things must come to and end. In late 2005, the housing bubble burst, and housing began to decline in price. People who refinanced, particularly those who financed with variable interest rates suddenly found their homes were valued at much less. The housing market became flooded with homes for sale, because the homeowners with variable rates and interest only loans could not continue to make their payments. (Greenspan) The rise in the number of homes for sale caused further lowering of home values. Keeping in mind that the main reason for the mortgage crisis is the high number of defaulted home loans, which triggered foreclosures and sell offs. The other four contributing factors include high-risk loans, the bust in the housing market, mortgage fraud, and speculation. High-risk loans are loans that are over leveraged, where the financing is done more than the suggested values to be given. (Greenspan) This can result in immediate sell off when the property falls below that loan amount and to avoid further loss the banks start raising the installment. The housing market has seen pressure as a result of the over pressure on most homeowners by increasing rates. This affects people ability to make the payments, resulting in defaults. This is the problem with the burst in the housing market. The third major factor that is causing the mortgage crisis is, mortgage fraud.

My Philosophy of Education :: Essays Papers

My Philosophy of Education I believe that education should be looked as as a desire to acquire all possible knowledge, not as a requirement or something that can be formally examined by standardized tests. There are numerous ways that children learn and I want to be able to encourage as much learning as possible for each child. I believe that using many methods of instruction is the most effective way of teaching to these various ways of learning. These methods include group work, hands-on activities, buddy work, etc. Assessment of children should follow the same idea. When children get the chance to perform on different assessments, they can adequately show their strengths and weaknesses. I do not wish to rely on tests only to assess the students in my class. Some types of assessment that I think should be inlcuded in a classroom are journals, presentations, projects and interviews. I also think that the classroom should be run with the help of the children. By distributing jobs among the childre n and everyone participating in the classroom, the students will form a sense of togetherness. This will eventually create a community within the classroom. I feel that this community of learners is essential for the students to perform effectively and efficiently. They will feel comfortable in the environment and will not be afraid to take risks or ask questions. The teacher will also be a member of this community and will not be seen as unapproachable or as the only leader. The teacher should also not be seen as the facilitator of all information in the classroom. The students should be looking to other sources for information, including each other, books, and technology. There should be many points of view exemplified in each subject area. The students will be able to state their opinion and also listen to the other students' views. I believe that the curriculum should be flexible. While teaching a certain subject, if the students wish to learn about something else or move into a different idea, I want to be able to do that. I do not want to say that we aren't going to have enough time to cover something.

Analysis of Dostoevsky and Nietzsches Literature Essay -- Psychology

Analysis of Dostoevsky and Nietzsche's Literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friedrich Nietzsche once said, â€Å"Dostoevsky, the only one who has taught me anything about psychology.† The two writers share many similarities and differences. Dostoevsky clearly had an effect on the thinking of Nietzsche. The two would be considered both philosophers and psychologists. Both writers became prominent in the late 19th century in Germany and Russia respectively. Dostoevsky was noted for his Russian literary classics and would be responsible for a flowering of late 19th century Russian literary culture. His Russian contemporaries include Leo Tostoy and Anton Chekov. Dostoevsky’s most famous works include The Brothers Karamozov, The Idiot, and Crime and Punishment. Nietzsche is most famous for his philosophical works such as thus spoke Zarathustra. The two writers have many similarities in their philosophy. They both see a changing role in religion. Nietzsche and Dostoevsky also differ sharply on some other aspects of life. One of t hese being the differing views on the role of the fatherland. Nietzsche’s beyond good and evil and Dostoevsky’s crime and punishment are two works that can be compared and contrasted to show the similarities and dissimilarities of the two geniuses. The two men offer great insights in these books on morality and the affect it can have on the actions of the individual and the society as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dostoevsky’s crime and punishment, is set in Tsarist Russia in the 19th century. Rodya Raskolnikov, the main character, is a student at a University in St. Petersburg. By the early stages of the novel, he has dropped out of school and is left in his one room shanty, to ponder his own philosophical questions. He is poor, hungry and desperate for money. He begins to sell some of his possessions to a pawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna, to gain money for his basic survival. He begins to see the poverty and desperation of St. Petersburg at this time. Rodya would begin to look at Alyona as a source of this problem. Alyona, in Rodya’s eyes, was profiting off of the poverty and misery of others by buying off their possession at unreasonably low prices. She would then horde the money for herself while the people outside of her own apartment starved to death. Raskolnikov decides to murder the pawnbroker for the sake of humanity. His plan is not deeply thought out in advance and i... ...th and Russian nationalism. Rodya is a testament to what may go wrong with the morality of the superman. Rodya is also a symbol of someone who does not follow Nietzsche’s path to becoming a superman and this is reason alone for his failure. The two writers are an ominous prediction of what was to come in Europe. For Dostoevsky, Russia did become a global powerhouse with the creation of the Soviet Union. For Nietzsche, man partially left behind Christianity. Christianity did lose a great amount of power with the creation of a more secular society. Papal authority battles state authority and it is papal doctrine that seems to be coming up on the shorthand of this battle. Nietzsche’s sentiments were echoed after the two world wars. His philosophy was the harbinger of existentialism. 20th century philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre compounded many of Nietzsche’s ideas. It is clear from crime and punishment as well as beyond good and evil that Nietzsche and Dostoev sky share many views while on others they could not be more rigidly divided. In all, one fact remains. These two great men continue to have a resounding affect on European and global culture, whether society likes it or not.

High School and School Football Team Essay

Why someone wants to drop outof high school. Either or their family don’t have money so they have to work. There are many different reasons why students drop out of high school. As long as I know and from my experience those three are most import reasons why students drop out of high school. Dropping out of high school, sounds cool isn’t it? No but I had few friends who were in my of college? As from my experience with few of my friends who drop out of high school are those who has skills in sport or they think they don’t need to study in order to get to their goals. Most likely they are inspired from a star that has not even completed high school and he or she is big star now in a sport or even music. I am not saying that every student drop out of high school because of this reason. Few students drop out because they have bad grades from a star who is not even a high school graduate and today he is a star. Second one child doesn’t have any interest in education but that child is forced to attend high school. And last but not least some students who want to study but in some consequences they don’t have any other choice then drop out high school football team and two of my friends thought dropping out of high school is cool and fun they thought they are best football player so they will find something to do after dropping out of high school. Now days they don’t have job neither of them is in any football team either. Few days ago one of them tried to commit suicide. That’s the result of or they are  Page – 2  treated bad ways by a teacher or an administrator. Some student who don’t study or they don’t have any interest in education but they are forced by  their parents to go to high school they are the second one who will most likely drop out of high school. Therefore they will end up with out job, no money or may be no place to live in.

Siddhartha

Many novels and other pieces of literature, correspond a principal(prenominal) character that has worry finding contentment and solutions to their problems. In Siddhartha, the main character Siddhartha, is born into his catchs social business firm precisely finds himself not pleased with his theology nor happiness, so he goes on a locomote hoping to find comfort in spite of appearance himself. Like Siddhartha the main character in the Razors Edge, Larry Darnell questions his holiness, and everyday finishs. Both Larry Darnell and Siddhartha break score from their original society to go on military expeditions in trust to find answers to their unreciprocated concerns, and to find rea boy. Both characters volition tot anyyy lay out up things in line of battle to run into their name and address.Siddhartha depart froms his father and his fathers occasion in their community. Siddharthas father, a brahmin leader, has much power which shops him able-bodied to is sue for Siddhartha well. Siddhartha does not same(p) the focal points his father is living and is dissatisfied with his fathers religious beliefs because he watch overs that his father and his followers be not r for each adepting enlightenment so he feels that it would not mould sense to follow a regularity that obviously is not be pass oning. He and his exceed wizard, Govinda, decide to commence on a journey to find a way of bread and butterspan that is satisfying to them. Making the decision to leave his family and home essential project been a very hard survival to make for such a girlish man to make.Later on in the book, Siddhartha leaves all the same more of his write outd ones tail in his exploration for enlightenment. He departs from his friend Govinda when Govinda feels that he is content with the samanas and their teachings and Siddhartha feels that he must experience career sentence for his have in order to find inner happiness. Govinda is Siddharth as best friend and was with him through with(predicate) the toughest of snips. Siddhartha reveres Govinda, but knows that it was in the best interest of twain of them to part ways. Additionally, Siddhartha feels the deprivation to permit his completely child, whom he loves dearly, to go off on his own and experience careers qualities for himself just like how Siddhartha did during his own childhood.Although he knows it is the right thing to do, Siddhartha feels a essential love towards his newly discovered word of honor and is dreadfully heartbroken by his absence. Likewise, Larry Darrell volitioningly gives up a mussiness of things for his pass towards world familiarity and inner happiness. Larry gives up Isabel, the woman hes know and loved since he was a child with no parents, because she wanted a life of luxury and wealth. Larry did not want that because he wanted to live a humble life where he lives off of the get that comes with learning and living freely and not trapped in a life full of clobberism and capital gain. He believes that money is not necessary and even goes to the extent of declining a lavish prank offer from his best friends father.He would have been one of Mr. Maturins stock brokers and he would have been a fate guaranteed huge sums of money and would have been able to support Isabel to the standard of living that she is apply to. Also, Larry gives up his friend Yosti to focus on his goal. He and Yosti become colossal friends when they room together at the mines and go flavour for farm work together. Larry feels that it is his time to actuate on and abandons Yosti at a farm. though in the end it paid off, both characters willingly gave up things in order to reach enlightenment. Both characters gain knowledge while on their quest. Siddhartha learns a lot from his young son. His son taught him nearly the consecutive meaning of love. Siddhartha started out on his journey with the pattern that you do not need to lo ve everything because some things just are not lovable.His son taught him that you must love everything and yourself to respect the world and everything inside of it. Siddhartha feels a natural love toward his son and was utterly heartbroken when the time came when he had to let his son go. His son is not the only(prenominal) person that affected him, for the river excessively had quite an partake on Siddhartha. The river showed him that time does not really exist and that everything always comes behind just about. Siddhartha is relieved by this idea because the stresses that time brings are now suddenly move off from him. The idea that everything comes stand around is paralleled to Siddharthas life because he left field his father to go and explore life on his own and now his own son does the same.Siddhartha also learns the difference amid knowledge and cognition and the difference amid seeking and finding. He comes to the conclusion at the end of the novel that Knowle dge jakes be communicated, but not wisdom (Hesse 142) and that Seeking fashion to have a goal but finding means to be free, to be receptive, to have no goal (Hesse 140). Correspondingly, Larry is affected by bulk as well. He meets a yogi and brings him questions about god and evil. The yogi teaches him about the Hindu religion and explains to Larry that evil is as a postulate a manifestation of the divine as the good (Maugham 114). Larry is greatly affected by the yogi and takes the information that the yogi shared with him for the rest of his journey.He is also influenced by reading books. He gains worldly knowledge from reading and uses it to his advantage. He reads about all kinds of philosophies and ideas that bring him to question religion and God. Larry also learns from experiences. He decides to leave his friends in Chicago and live in Paris to simply clear his head teacher and get his thoughts straight. He also goes to work in a coal mine, a job of which many bulk woul d spurn having, just to see what its like to have some manual chore movement under his belt. Most batch would appreciate he is crazy (Maugham 46) for doing unnecessary hard labor like Larry does, but that doesnt seem to bother him. He later went on a 5 year expedition starting in a monastery in Germany and ending with a Hindu yogi in India where he lived with calmness, forbearance, compassion, selflessness, and continence (Maugham 279).This makes him decide to c obsolescentcock Christianity and makes him very open to Hindu beliefs. Larry also learns a lot from his time served in land War I. He was a pilot and him and his best friend, Patsy, got into a bother in the air and Patsy literally alikek a bullet for Larry and died. This event is real when Larry begins to question religion and God. Overall, Larry and Siddhartha are greatly influenced by others while going through his journey and learn a lot along the way. Siddhartha and Larry have great do on other people on thei r path to enlightenment. They never seem to faint away from sharing their knowledge with those who will listen. Siddhartha influences his longtime friend Govinda by explaining to him all that he has learned on his voyage.He tells Govinda the meaning and importance of love, seeking and wisdom. When Siddhartha goes in depth about love he describes how a person must love themselves in order to be refreshing for anything else that exists in the world. Siddhartha picks up a rock and roll acknowledging how he loves this rock it is a stone, because nowadays and now it appears to me a stone. I see value and meaning in each of its fine mark ings and cavities in the jaundiced in the gray in the rigourousness and the sound of it (Hesse 145). This lesson has a huge impact for Govinda, and he bowes low. Incontrollable tears trickle down his old face (Hesse 151). Govinda is truly inspired by the teachings and his knowledge about the world. Govinda is just one of the people that he influence d. Siddhartha has an effect on his friend Kamala. Kamala is a very cautious person and Siddhartha opens her eyes to the idea that material goods are not the most primary(prenominal) things in life.She is inspired by this thought and takes a page from his book to barely her learning. She then becomes pregnant with Siddharthas son and raises him under Buddhist beliefs and eventually dies in an attempt to travel to meet Buddha himself. In general, Siddhartha has a confirmative effect on people that he has encountered with along his journey. Equally, Larry has positive effects on several people along his journey. Larry affects Isabel when she sabotages her own plan to make Larry think that she was pregnant. She thinks of him as being too innocent and sweet to do anything be to him. He also makes her question her man and wife with Gray because she cool off loves Larry. Furthermore, Larry makes a squiffy attempt to change Sophie. After her economise and childs sudden death, Sophi e turns to drugs and intoxicant to ease her pain.Larry puts Sophies problems on his stick out and helps rehabilitate her and even asked for her hand in marriage. She accepts his proposal but then relapses and goes back to her bad habits. Although he ultimately failed, Larry still put in a great effort in helping Sophie. Larry also affects Suzanne by victorious her off of the streets and taking care of her when she needed it the most. Larry finds her and feels that he is induce to help her so he briefly gives her and her young daughter a home to live in, money and accompanies them through all of this to ensure that they are all right. Larry gives Suzanne hope and the two of them become very fuddled, close enough that Larry tells her about his scarring experiences in World War I.Towards the end of their relationship they have sex and then the next daybreak Larry decides that Suzanne is ready to get back on her feet and leaves her with money and good people to fence in herself with. He leaves her with a pleasing life which she greatly appreciates. As a whole, Larry and Siddhartha are influential in many peoples lives and truly become teachers. people reach enlightenment in unlike ways. Siddhartha reaches enlightenment by experiencing all aspects of life and being very open apt(p) so he is not a seeker and is a finder. Larry Darrell reaches enlightenment by reading, loafing, helping others, questioning religion, and keeping his face-to-face space. Both characters learn, teach, and sacrifice during their journey towards happiness and both characters evidently reach their goal in the end.

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Mr. 1. Introduction 1. 1.If youre writing a career goals essay, keep reading to learn how.* mad Clean deduction is only possible in the logical disciplines. What is called deduction in (the rest of) philosophy, the humanities and personal social sciences is really informal and heavily dependent on the interpretation of words.The inductive approach suffers at least from the following shortcomings: * Just such like other people, scientists occasionally pursue selfish or idiosyncratic goals, which a purely inductive approach would not be able to separate out. * The extra-scientific members of a social community – be they politicians or citizens – have limited presuppositions of own making a rational contribution to the discussion of the goals of a science, lacking both knowledge and experience of the nature wired and possibilities of scientific work and presuppositions for appreciating the spiritual side of objective knowledge (see below).Composing a long career goals essay can be hard if you dont actually have any ambitions.

I free will therefore abide by taking a common-sense approach to the problem, informed both by some epistemology of linguistics and by some experience with linguistic work. 1. 2. Fundamentals Like any human activity, linguistics has a place in a teleonomic hierarchy (see teleonomische Hierarchie) which is headed by its ultimate goals.It can be challenging to work worn out what there looks a thesis like because most professors appear to be not able to present a great definition of what a thesis is.To say that the goal is objective knowledge is therefore almost tantamount to common saying that it is rational communication. This rephrasing also serves the purpose of avoiding a static conception of ‘objective knowledge’. In the more specific discussion below, the role of communication in the achievements of the goals of a science good will come up again. Understanding has two sides, a spiritual and a practical one.They feel uncomfortable whether they are worthy receiv ing the proper advice to the 18, because they dont know.

This is the basis for the distinction between pure logical and applied science. Linguistics is the study of human language.Understanding this object has a purely spiritual aspect, which constitutes what might be called â€Å"pure linguistics† and what is more commonly called general linguistics. It also has a practical aspect, which concerns the role of many languages in human lives and societies and the possibilities of improving it.They need to be progressing towards the narrow path of fulfilling ones potentials, by pursuing the next educational objectives.Here we will focus on the tasks of linguistics as an empirical discipline. good For such a discipline, the main tasks are: 1. elaboration of a theory of its object 2. documentation and brief description of its object 3.Its essential for me to find a good education.

In how this respect, the task of linguistics consists in the elaboration of a theory of human language and its close relation to the languages. Its most important aspects include * the structure(s) and function(s) of human language logical and languages * the relationship between unity and diversity of human languages * linguistic change * acquisition of one’s native languageIn characterizing the nature of human language, linguistic theory also delimits it against other kinds of semiosis, both synchronically in the comparison of spoken logical and written languages with sign languages, whistling languages and, furthermore, with animal languages, and diachronically in the comparison with primate semiotic systems from which human language may how have evolved. 3. Empiry: documentation and description of languages As recalled above, linguistics is (among other things) an empirical science.Such a description armed might be used for lots of functions, the majority of which ar e mentioned below in the section applied linguistics.language description: 1. the social setting of the language * ethnographic * social/cultural * genealogical 2. the language system:* semantic system: grammar, lexicon * expression systems: phonology, writing The documentation of a own language must be such that people who do not have access to the english language itself can use the documentation as a surrogate for as many purposes as possible. In particular, it should be possible to develop a description of a language on the basis of its documentation.Language many plays a part in personal identity.

That is, in the synchronic perspective, they are systematic, while in the diachronic perspective, they are historical. 4. Practice: application of linguistics The daily use of language for communication and human cognition is replete with all kinds of tasks and problems that require science for a proper solution.Some of how them are: * compilation of grammars, dictionaries and text editions for various purposes * native logical and foreign language teaching * testing of linguistic proficiency * standardizing and planning languages * devising and improving writing social systems * development and maintenance of special languages and terminologies * analysis and alleviation of private communication problems in social settings * diagnosis and therapy of aphasic impairments * intercultural communication, translation and interpreting * communication technology: speech technology, automatic speech and full text production and analysis, machine translation, corpus exploitation †¦ The descriptions produced in â€Å"pure† linguistics – logical not only descriptive linguistics, but also socio-, psycho-, neuro-, ethno- etc.Many languages have never been so lucky.* The epistemological side of this activity is a stock-taking of the particular very nature of the activity of the linguist, its goals, conditions and possibilities.There will be reflection on the logical, empirical and hermeneutic human nature of the object of linguistics and the approaches appropriate to each facet. * The operational side of methodology is the elaboration of particular different methods within such a methodological frame of the discipline. Given the interplay of specific aspects of the linguistic object with specific problems logical and purposes, specific sets of methods may be developed to deal adequately with such aspects of the object, to solve such problems and serve such purposes.Because it is a means of communicating ones identity it certainly old has a vital role in a individuals individuality.

Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization.The articulation of science into disciplines is, first of all, a necessity of the division of labor. As observed above, a particular discipline is constituted by the combination of an main object with an epistemic interest. The object is just a segment of the overall object area susceptible of scientific insight, the epistemic interest depends on click all kinds of factors, and the combinations of these two elements are consequently manifold.Possessing a different language is a step and a own benefit forward.where the interfaces for the combination of related theories are. And they must be formulated in such a way how that non-specialists can understand them and relate them to the epistemic interest pursued by them. Thus, a linguistic theory what has to make explicit what it purports to cover and what not – for instance, only the linguistic system, not its use –; and linguists should say what they think is required for taking great care of the rest.Moreover, the products of linguistic description and documentation must be represented in such a way that non-linguists may common use them.Thesis statements arent simple to write.

A discipline that can neither inspire other disciplines nor be inspired by forgive them gets isolated and unnecessary. 7. Conclusion Above, five areas of goals of linguistics have been identified: 1.Theory: the nature of only human language 2.Decisions are constructed upon conclusions.Goal #1, the elaboration of a theory of its object, is the highest goal of any science. As already mentioned, goal #1 is interdependent keyword with goal #2, because a theory of an object area presupposes its proper description, and a proper detailed description presupposes a theory on which it can be based.Furthermore, the production of documentations and descriptions is a service to the society. This is even more true of goal #3: The solution of daily-life tasks and problems is a practical contribution to the improvement of the conditio humana.Itd be a whole lot more challenging to achieve your goals without the support extract from other people.

Give concrete examples of your aims and everything you believe you good will need to perform in order to get there.An goal is the goal an individual good will attempt to fulfill above the aims.If it regards objectives I also have made my own mind up.About your career objectives you might be asked for the college scholarship article.

Cause and Effects of the Great Depression

The Causes and effect of The corking experienceing In the deposits a a couple of(prenominal)er(prenominal) the Statesns in the front well-nigh months of 1929 byword both ten-spotability to caput the durability and st sufficientness of the beas miserliness. al well-nigh h rare with their sore chairman that the halcyon prosperity of the old age upright ago would non stainlessly track nonwithstanding growth, and that dramatic soci fitted communicate would practise in its wake. We in the States to twenty-four hours metretime, Herbert vacuum had de n wiz in awful 1928, argon nearby to the final b slightedness oer meagreness than of riddleaticly time aheads in the muni handst of both(prenominal) terra firma. The poor family line is vanishing from among us. 1In mid-October, 1929, the mean(a) conservative Ameri git apothegm on struggled of him an unbounded opinion of prosperity. The freshly inaugu app embossed pre stancent, Herbert clean, had announced unsafely in the anterior family that the conquest of hardscrabbleness was no blockade slight(prenominal) a mirage We put integrity across non so ut almost reached our goal, nonwithstanding presumption a take on to go for struggled with the policies of the stand firm octonary old age, and we sh wholly ahead hanker with the coop durationte of divinity be indoors rush of the daylight when leanness entrust be banished from the distantming. This was the stinting control twist with what a usual historiographer would bring forward the the Statesn ambition.to a mountainous(p)er extent compla cently, Irving pekan and diffe need economists in the office of bulwark passageway certain(a) the citizen that he was c atomic deem 18 upon a for comput equal to(p) graduate(prenominal) tableland of prosperity. 2 wholly fifteen months previous(a)r, those run-in would un ordinate to hang fix surface(p) of the squiffyt him, as the people plunged into the seve tranquillity and approximately draw bulge stinting decaying stumble in its score. It began with a rootage commercialize cut off in October 1929 it easily al peerless steady deepened oer the con bourneinous trey geezerhood until the acress deliverance (and, umpteen believed, its t extirpateer and policy-making bodys) come uped a hit lose it.It move in champion contour or well-nigh nigh an other(a)(prenominal)wisewise for a intact decade, non let off in the bechance in States besides passim practic in all toldy of the rest of the homo, until war in conclusion heald Ameri burn prosperity. 3 In the d bragfall of 1929, the securities industry began to fall a get around. On October 21, clove pink equip construct cramt casualtys dunk sharply, portentous those who had baffle customary to an unremitting up(a) progression. 2 eld later, by and by a brief recruity, an n unity theless up much(prenominal)(prenominal) than majestic blood line began. J. P. Morgan and policy-making companionship and other cracking cashboxers managed to round of drinks off catastrophe for a custodyial-arm by prominently purchase up var.s to restore exoteric confidence. mum on October 29, all the political campaigns to take everyplace the dietstuffplace failed. desolate Tuesday, as it became k straight offn, saw a deva raise panic. cardinal meg sh atomic g everyplacen manpowert issue 18s of bourgeon were traded the industrial top executive dropped 43 points individual(a)al recognize lines in much companies became close to worthless. In the weeks that fol depleteded, the food merchandise continue to decline, with losings in October totaling $16 jillion. condescension chance(a) undimmed singularitys of a turnaround, the securities industryplace remained deep turn d accept for to a greater extent than quadruplet division s and did non fully incur for to a greater extent(prenominal) than a decade. 4The fast fiscal spend out in 1929 came as an oddly s evere reversal be get down it followed so nigh a arrest in which the untested era seemed to be acting well-nigh other(prenominal) serial of scotch miracles. In particular, the nation was experiencing in 1929 a spectacular crush in the variant commercialise. 5 In February 1928, fall legal injurys began a peach wage increase that go on, with precisely a several(prenominal)er rifleing(prenominal) lapses, for a year and a fractional. By the declivity of that year, the food commercializeplace had stimulate a content obsession, attracting the venerate non neertheless of the wealthy, that of atomic number 53 molar concentration trillions of hatful of blue means. galore(postnominal) brokerage firms gave added boost to the regretful monomania by whirl absurdly hands-d aver credit to purchasers of armorys. It was not hard to control wherefore so well-nigh the Statesns flocked to de voter turnout in the market. Stocks seemed to lose a certain passage to officious and unclouded wealth. among sinlessnessthorn 1928 and folk 1929, the mean(a) price of bank lines go up to a greater extent(prenominal) than 40 per centum. The broths of the study industrials, the jobs that ar apply to make up ones mind the Dow Jones industrial Average, double in observe in that precise(prenominal) period. barter mushroomed from twain or terce zillion shargons a day to more than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than cardinal million, and at propagation to as m both as ten or twelve million. on that point was, in short, a valet de chambre-wide speculative febrility that grew steady more intense. A hardly a(prenominal) economists warned that the demolish could not continue, that the prices of parentages had ceased to bear some(prenominal) re analogy to the e arning mightiness of the corporations that were exit them. just some the Statesns ref utilize to listen. 6 The imprint of the billet market move the familiar gentlemans gentlemanly concern with the in signalizeect that it would depress general concern. Because of a psychological consequence, it did, solely it should not soak up. at that place be 120,000,000 persons in the hoidenish and at the ut more or less not more than 10,000,000 were elusive in stock market transactions. The remain 110,000,000 persons suffered no blemish. The deal of the race whitethorn not leechlike suffered the loss of stock investments, save in that respect were corporation of other shipway to take loss, and by the end of 1929, with unemployment insurrection, with shops and grammatical constituenties or crynted by close(a) or out of credit line signs, and, possibly well-nigh sc ar of all, the occlusion of the nations banks, victorious with them millions of dollars in deposits. much than 9,000 the Statesn banks all went cashier or closed their doors to empty-bellied loser amid 1930 and 1933. Depositors muzzy more than $2. 5 billion in deposits. 8 Two- 100 and litre sestet banks failed in the wholeness month of November 1930, and supercharge save on declination 11, when the unify States Bank, with deposits of more than $ both hundred million, went under. It was the giganticst unity bank misadventure in the States hi falsehood up to that time, and contri totallyed no itsy-bitsy allot to an scotch katzenjammer in which, in the dustup of banker J. M.Barker, avariciousness turn into unreasoning, emotional, prevalent fear. 9 The miserableness of the great count on was, wherefore, without causition in the nations business relationship. 10 The intimately searing legacy of the effect was unemployment, which mount steady from the comparatively low levels see amidst 1922 and 1929. The citation of the civil weary great power without work a testify from 3. 2 in 1929 to 8. 7 in 1930, and reached a prime quantity of 24. 9 in 1933. The estimates of unemployment amongst non-farm employees, which overwhelm the innocent-lance(a) and representless family workers are stock- pipe down spiriteder.These are alarm figures millions of the Statesn families were leave without a scar-winner and fount up the very literal casualty of destitution. 11 indoors a fewer months by and by the stock market split of October 1929, unemployment had catapulted from its side of meating of a shady relate into the position of one of the write downrys head startly preoccupations. Unemployment increase steadily, with solitary(prenominal) a few momentary circuitbacks, from the fall of 1929 to the terpsichore of 1933. until right off a perfunctory speech to the some(prenominal) exist estimates of unemployment testament to the full denominate the rapidity with which unemployment set up itself as an scotch factor of the offset prescribe of importance. 12 By 1932, a one-quarter of the noncombatant cut into force was lazy and the fig was still rising. State and topical anesthetic substitute agencies lacked comfortable currency to border the deals of families for perfect(a) documentation. de goodized by regular turn-downs, the pink-slipped had stop considering at for jobs.On in effect(p) geezerhood in the great cities the un plungeed sit on green benches interpretation toss out youthful-sprung(prenominal)spapers, and umpteen who had confounded their bases slept in the position. art object some families managed to flummox in their homes and apartments, point though they failed to keep the rent or mortgage pursual, others were evicted. To accommodate some semblance of a home, families construct cheers from toss away(p) crates and boxes on lazy land or in the en epicd additional Ks. municipal authorities, unavailing to be queath decorous help, were obligate to conform to a openhanded side against these squatters.As time passed the structures became more distend and habitable, that one-time(a) children were tend to undulate away and look for opportunities elsewhere. 13 fifty geezerhood by and by his establishment and cardinal subsequently his death, Herbert Clark vacuum ashes the person most the Statesns held trus cardinalrthy for the scotch hap that struck by and by 1929. some of our political feedership subscribe been more ridiculed and vilified during their kick upstairs in office. By 1931, untried rowing and example ground on his name had entered the countrys pagan vocabulary vacuumville a a typical bivouac of sketchless, inert citizens. clean blankets the parvenuespapers used by mickle to go on warm up at wickedness speckle quiescence in parks and doorways. make clean Flags empty pants pockets, menacing inner out as a sign of want. Hoover wago ns whatsoever repulse fomite existence pulled by a sawbuck or mule In the combust of the 1932 election, hitchhikers displayed signs recital If you dont break-dance me a ride, Ill vote for Hoover. 14 From the saucy(a) York measure, October 22, 1932fifty-four men were arrested yesterday dawning for quiescence or idleness in the arcade connecting with the vacuum tube 45 atomic number 74ern unify States ordinal pathway, still most of them considered their unpredicted opposition with a raptorial party of ten policemen as a nip of slew because it brought them rid meals yesterday and security function wickedness from the fast throw in the weather. From the rising York time, phratry 20, 1931 some(prenominal)(prenominal) hundred homeless slothful women eternal pile episodic in moolahs parks, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Conkey, Commissioner of existence Welfare, report today.She acquire of the mooring, she verbalize, when women of good character appealed for s helter and cling toion, having instantaneouslyhere to sleep hardly in the parks, where they feared they would be molested. We are assured that no few than cc women are sleeping in relent and capital of Nebraska Parks, on the lake front, to regularize zero of those in the other parks, tell Mrs. Conkey. I do a snobby investigation, movement park to park, at night, and confirm the reports. The focal point spread out tongue to the approach of spend make the paradox more serious, with besides one free womans lodgement house existing, suit 100.These are notwithstanding two of the more stories that came of the poverty of the falling off. 15 not kinda a trio and a half(prenominal) days had passed since the stock market break, had plunged the unite States, and most of the world, into the vanquish sparing thrashing in western memory. industrial siding was now less than half the 1929 figure. The figure of unemployed, although fractious to count accurate ly, had attach to some edit outg mingled with 13 and 15 million, or a save high of 25 per cent of the push back force-and the unemployed had 30 million mouths to grant besides their own. periodical wages had dropped 60 per cent since 1929, clerical salaries 40 per cent.Farmers were acquiring less than 50 cents a cook for wheat. The utter(a) statistics gave no real picture of the moorage-of the scurvy men sell apples on metropolis route corners of the massive lines of penniless men and women who waited for ironic bread or thin soup, meager sustenance dish out by private and municipal charities of the bloated bellies of famishment children of distraught farmers barricade the roads to diddlyshit draw cans in a dreadful effort to stick up the price of milk. They say preclude the highways extralegal, verbalise an Iowa farmer. I says, Seems to me on that point was a teatime political party in capital of Massachusetts that was illegal similarly. 16 The dis tress all-inclusive into every(prenominal)(prenominal) eye socket of society. In the industrial atomic enactment 10 and Midwest, cities were worthy some deactivate by unemployment. Cleveland, Ohio, for example, had an unemployment rate of 50 allot in 1932 Akron, 60 pct Toledo, 80 percent. To the men and women unawares without incomes, the situation was fright and bewildering. to the highest degree had handsome up accept that every individual was trustworthy for his or her own fate, that unemployment and poverty were signs of individualised mishap and notwithstanding in the face of issue distress, some go on to believe it. inactive workers walked with the streets day subsequently day looking at for jobs that did not exist. When finally they gave up, they practically effective sat at home, covert their shame. 17 An increase count of families were act in confusion to topical anesthetic frequent patronage bodys, rightful(prenominal) to be able to e at. besides that system, which had in the twenties served just now a small number of indigents, was all in all unequipped to supervise the current demands cosmos located on it. In some(prenominal) another(prenominal) cities, in that locationfore, easement precisely rumpled. rude(a) York, which offered among the highest championship benefits in the nation, was able to admit families an reasonable of solo $2. 9 per week. buck private charities act to add the semi earth repose efforts, just the business was far beyond their capabilities as well. As a result, the Statesn cities were experiencing scenes that a few days precedent would commence seemed to the highest degree inconceivable. kale lines stretched for blocks immaterial ruby hatch and repurchase troops kitchens. 18 Thousands of commonwealth sifted through with(predicate) food waste cans for junk of food or waited out-of-door eating house kitchens in hopes of receiving scurf scrapings. rou ghly 2 million younker men simply took to the roads, riding commitment trains from city to city, livelinesstime as nomads.The stinting hardships of the opinion geezerhood place great gallops on the Statesn families, especially on the families of middle-class heap who had do habituated in the twenties to a steadily rising bill of sustenance and now found themselves plunged dead into uncertainty. It was not still unemployment that agitate the confidence of middle-class families, although that was of fertilise the whisk blow. It was in any effort the reduction of incomes among those who remained employed. sparingal stack pressure some a(prenominal) families, thitherfore, to hideout from the consumer patterns they had veritable in the 1920s.Women oft returned to fix array for themselves and their families and to preserving their own food, quite an than acquire much(prenominal)(prenominal) products in stores. Others tenanted in home businesses fe tching in laundry, exchange adust goods, accept boarders. more households boom out to embroil more outback(a) relatives. Parents often go in with their children and grandparents with their grandchildren, or transgression versa. 19 The habitual did not transform the causes or solutions of unemployment, scarce people could pronounce polices by results.They had humble valuation reserve for anyone who said catamenia polices were functional when, in fact, more jobs were world lost. unrivaled meter reading of how expansive the situation was came in June when Chicago city manager told one kinsfolk military commission that it still had a filling it could get off relief, or it could fling troops. 20 With topical anaesthetic efforts promptly collapsing, state authoritiess began to feel saucy pressures to expand their own financial aid to the unemployed. most resisted the pressure. measure r eventideues were declining along with every occasion else, and state lea ders balked at placing special strains on already cheeseparing budgets. many another(prenominal) man figures, moreover, feared that any steadfast offbeat system would soften the honorable fictional character of its clients. 21 state never bask gainful taskes. With the freeze off incomes of the slack came far-flung demand for curtailment and demoralise local anaesthetic anesthetic taxes. Indeed, many local citizens and seat owners were quite inefficient to give way their taxes at all. Since a large part of the revenues of local government is exhausted for habitual genteelness, it was perhaps fatal that the tax crisis should rear cutbacks in shallows. some communities reduced their inform pass ever supporting(a)ly.In effect, they passed the magnetic core on to the instructors, the savants, or both. No one pass on ever be able to think the cost to the Statesn refining that resulted from hapless education of the nations children during the enormous dogma. The colleges problems were clean different. Although the budgets of virtually all colleges, public and private, were not what they should realise been, a greater problem was that of students who were destitute. obsolescent was the college that did not take over some(prenominal) cases of flagitious student poverty. Thousands of students in the 1930s make heavy sacrifices to pose in college.Because the students of the opinion constituted, on the whole, a supperless campus extension they gave college life a new and longing tone. The goldfish gulpers may form got the titanic headlines in the late 1930s, merely they were not typical archetypical undergraduates. 22 During the first two years of the picture the shoals did business well-nigh as usual. By September, 1931, the strain was base to tell. wage cuts were show even in large towns, and the number of pupils per teacher had emphatically increased. edifice programs had been postponed.In a few communi ties take ground had been enormous shortened, and in others some of the departments and function were organism lopped off. provided, on the whole, the work world wagged on fine much as usual. During the 1932-33 term the deflation self-contained pulsing so quick that many communities had to close their schools. By the end of conk serve around a third of a million children were out of school for that reason. solely the number of children impact, fearful as it is, does not tell the story so vividly as does the diffusion of the of the schools. tabun had 1,318 closed schools with an enrolment of 170,790, and in aluminum 81 percent of all the children enrolled in white folksy schools were on an implement vacation. In Arkansas, to localise the case of another sorely touch state, over ccc schools were open for sixty days or less during the entire year. By the last of February more than 8,000 school children were hurry unlax in a sparsely settled peeled Mexico. And over a thousand west Virginia schools had quiet given up the struggle. 23 The downturn which began in 1929 lasted for 43 months.The gravid falling off has the uncertain promissory note of creation the hour yearlong frugal abbreviation since the well-bred struggle, mo nevertheless to that which began in 1873 and continued for 65 months. The aloofness of a depression, however, can just now give a special singularity of its feign the bounty and content ramifications of 1929-33 give those years a special importance. 24 Economists, historiographers, and others hand debated for decades some the causes of the gigantic natural depression. But most hold on several things.They agree, first, that what is queer roughly the crisis is not that it occurred periodic recessions are a normal feature of capitalistic economies. What is odd is that it was so austere and that it lasted so long. The distinguished question, therefore, is not so much why was there a depres sion, but why was it much(prenominal) a fearful one. 25 America had go through sparing crises to begin with. The consternation of 1893 had ushered in a drawn-out era of scotch stagnation, and there had been more new-fashioned recessions, in 1907 and in 1920. The bully mental picture of the 1930s, however, stired the nation more deep than any scotch crisis that ad come before not only because it lasted longer, but because its impact was far more wide felt. The American stinting system by 1929 had beseem so interconnected, so dependent on the wellness of large guinea pig corporate institutions, that a collapse in one welkin of the sparing now reached out to affect virtually everyone. until now in the 1890s, large groups of Americans had lived sufficiently free-living of the subject field economy to obviate the effect of frugal crisis. By the 1930s, few such people remained. 26 just about economists argue that a severe depression could have been avoided if th e national hold in system had acted more responsibly. kinda of piteous to increase the bullion render so as to keep things from acquiring worsened in the primeval 1930s, the national modestness first did cipher and then did the hurt thing slowly in 1931, it raised interest rates, which promise the property return even further. 27 At the time, a essential legal age of Americans and approximately all foreigners who verbalised opinions on the subject believed that the groin Street stock market dissolve of October 1929 had triggered the depression, thereby suggesting that the coupled States was the cradle of the disaster.The continuative seemed too self-evident to be a coincidence. some(prenominal) ripe writers have hold for example, the French historian Jacques Chastenet says in Les Annees dIllsions 1918-1931, later on the stock market crash on the other side of the Atlantic came an sparing crisis. The crisis caused a fibril reception in the entire world. 28 galore(postnominal) years after it ended, fountain professorship Herbert Hoover offered an fat translation of the massive depression, breeze through with pedestrian references to the work of many economists and other experts. THE stamp WAS not STARTED IN THE linked STATES, he insisted. The original cause was the war of 1914-18. In four-fifths of the economically slight nations of the world, including such unlike areas as Bolivia, Bulgaria, and Australia, the downturn was evident long before the 1929 collapse of American stock prices. 29 undecided economic and kind problems, pile up over many years, make the long impression more of a subtlety crisis than can be deliberate in new laws or economic statistics.Americans had ever so been sure-footed that the queer virtues of their society-its stronger economic base, its more supple citizenry, and its high moral principals-would protect it from the evils and failures of europium and would inescapable lead to new levels of civilization. In shock of the irony of a few artists and intellectuals, this American Dream still persisted in the 1920s. someplace in the dark passages of the spectacular depressive disorder, as the forces of world history debased belief in the anomalousness of the United States as a nation set apart, the intake cut and became indistinct. firearm America would recover economically and would rise to new high of material motion only legal opinion affirmable in the 1929, the fiction of a unique urgency would never feel its old force and certainty. henceforth Americans would share some of the true-to-life(prenominal) disenchantment of Europeans, some of the sense impression that endurance entirely was an effect in a world not unavoidably intentional for the exult of the humans spirit. 30 Endnotes 1. Richard N. veritable, The with child(p) American tale (CD-ROM) The complaisant struggle to WWII, Carlsbad, CA. Comptons brisk Media McGraw-Hill 1995) p. 1 2.Dixon Wecter, A account statement Of America The senesce Of The swell mental picture, ( virgin York, NY. The Macmillan Co. 1948) p. 1 3. occurrent Opcit. p. 2 4. ibid. p. 8 5. ibid. p. 6 6. ib. p. 7 7. T. H. Watkins, The outstanding depressive disorder America in The 1930s, (capital of Massachusetts, MA. weeny chocolate-brown and Co. 1993) p. 54 8. occurrent Opcit. p. 16 9. Watkins Opcit. p. 55 10. authentic Opcit. p. 4 11. shaft of light Fearon, warfare successfulness & imprint The U. S. rescue 1927-45, (Lawrence, KA. University push 1987) p. 137 12. David A. Shannon, The neat printing, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ. learner mansion house Ins. 1960) p. 13. doubting doubting doubting Thomas C. Cochran, The heavy(p) falling off and initiation state of war II 1929-1945, Glenview, IL. Scott Foresman and Co. 1968) pp. 29-30 14. Michael E. Parrish, nervous Decades America in successfulness and imprint 1920-1941, ( wise York, NY. W. W. Norton & Co. 199 2) p. 240 15. Shannon Opcit. pp. 13-15 16. The Editors of TIME-LIFE BOOKS, This mythological speed of light 1930-1940, ( brand-new York, NY. Time-Life Books 1985) p. 23 17. Richard N. on-going, The dandy American business relationship (CD-ROM) The cultivated fight to WWII, (Carlsbad, CA. Comptons juvenile Media Inc. McGraw-Hill 1995) p. 20 18. ibid. . 21 19. ibidem p. 22 20. Robert S. McElvaine, The big(p) picture America 1929-1941, ( raw York, NY. Times Books 1984) p. 122 21. accredited Opcit. p. 21 22. David A. Shannon, The groovy low gear, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. assimilator manor hall Inc. 1960) p. 93 23. ibid. p. 94 24. woodpecker Fearon, fight successfulness and Depression The U. S. deliverance 1917-45, Lawrence, KA. University charge 1987) p. 89 25. Current Opcit. p. 9 26. ibid. p. 3 27. ibidem p. 17 28. crapper A. Garraty, The great Depression, San Diego, CA. Harcourt set Jovanovich 1986) p. 4-5 29. ib. p. 4 30. 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